Together with the cholas of uraiyur and the pandyas of madurai, the early cheras were known as one of the three major powers of ancient tamilakam in the early centuries of the common era. The pandyan kingdom was very wealthy and prosperous. Krishna defeated pandya chola mahabharata ramanis blog. This study examines the relationship between south indian archaeology and history and argues that. I dont know what makes u think that i had kick started muslim bashing with my info. The land south of the krishna river was divided into three kingdom chola, pandya and chera or kerala. He was the father of meenakshi after whom the madurai meenakshi amman temple is named. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india article pdf available in asian perspectives 422. Chera chola pandyas south indian kingdoms the asokan edicts c. He had defeated the joint forces of chera and pandya kings and. The region of kanchi was also part of the cholas kingdom.
Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil. Also, the ashokan inscriptions mention about the chera, chola and pandya rulers to the south of mauryan empire. When the ruling chera family disappeared in the midst of the chera chola war around 1036 a. A work of history on the pandyas who ruled southern tamilnadu until 16th century. The cholas have occupied the region of kaveri delta and the adjoining area. In addition to the sangam literature, the greek authors like megasthenes, strabo, pliny and ptolemy mention the commercialcontacts between the west and south india. The chalukyas, the pallavas, the rastrakutas, the cholas and pandyas waged wars with each other. The tamil country was ruled by three dynasties namely the chera, chola and pandyas during the sangam age. Abraham despite the amount of archaeological research that has been carried out in south india, our understanding of the south indian protohistoric period. South asia, south india, tamilakam, kerala, tamil nadu, history and archaeology, culturalethnic identity. This flag has its origin from the tamil separation movement in sri lanka. The southern half of the indian subcontinent marked by the long coastline, mountains, plateau and river valleys.
Sangam age in tamil chera chola pandya history in tamil tnpsc history in tamil quick learning 4 tnpsc, ibps, ssc. Rajendra i carried forward the annexationist policy of raja raja by completely overrunning the pandya and chera countries and. Aug 31, 2019 one of the most important dynasties, chera dynasty is the most prominent tamil dynasty which ever flourished in the country. So, here we will read about these kingdoms in brief. Korkai, a seaport on the southernmost tip of india was initially their capital, but then later the capital was moved to madurai. Before the reign of raja raja chola the chola coins had on cholsn obverse the tiger emblem and the fish and bow emblems of the pandya and chera dynasties and on the reverse the name of the. Ballala sends an army under his son, the crown prince vira narasimha ii. In ancient times the whole region was inhabited by people of dravidian origin. Ancient indian history pandya dynasty tutorialspoint. The three ancient tamil dynasties namely chera, chola, and pandya were of ancient origins. First chera dynasty ruled from 300 bc to 300 ad and second one ruled from 900 ad onward as dravidian dynasty of. He conquered the pandya kings along with the vadumbas and establishes control over the pallavas power in. Chola empire dynasties of ancient india history for.
The dynasty revived under kadungon in the early 7th century ce and ruled from madura. May 07, 20 the year 985 saw one of the greatest kings of southern india ascend the throne, rajaraja chola i also known as rajaraja, the great, who defeated the eastern chalukyas of vengi, the pandyas of. Pillai lists a chera king by the name of bhaskara ravi varman ii, but narayanan combines both of them into one person. The rulers of the three dynasties were referred to as the three crowned rulers the muventar of the tamil country.
The first five centuries of the christian era was the period of the first chera empire. The heartland of the cholas was the fertile valley of the kaveri river, but they ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the th century. Rare chera, chola coins found in thanjavur the hindu. Cheracholapandyaclassical period kerala historyclass 3. Chera dynasty ias abhiyan ii ias upsc exam preparation.
He conquered the pandya kings along with the vadumbas and establishes control over the pallavas power in the region. Chola pandya rivalry explained tamil siddhu mohan duration. I have just quoted history in my post which is very well documented. You seem to belong the so called secular group for whom discussing the real history of invasions looks communal. Kulothunga chola iii appeals for aid for his soninlaw, approaching the hoysala monarch, veera ballala ii. Chera chola pandya history in tamil pdf download 156c1n. The chera country was geographically well placed to profit from maritime trade via the extensive indian ocean networks. The cheras, the pandyas and the cholas together constituted as the main. Read this article to learn about the history of chola empire in india. Its founders, administration and socioeconomic life during the rule of chola empire. Ramayana sugreeva to hanuman describes tamil chera chola.
Rajaraja i, born arulmoli varman, often described as rajaraja the great, was a chola emperor reigned c. Chola dynasty ias abhiyan ii ias upsc exam preparation. Pts ias academy lecture 11 the cholas and the pandyas regd. Veera kerala varma, the venad ruler exploited the situation to expand his sovereignty over parts of nanjilnadu by the first.
Chola empire dynasties of ancient india history for kids. The region of tamil nadu or tamilakam, in the southeast of modern india, shows evidence of. Cheracholapandya kingdoms keralas dominant rulers of the early historic period were the cheras, a tamil dynasty with its headquarters located in vanchi. He leads a revival of pandya fortunes, sacks the chola cities of thanjavur and uraiyur and sends the chola crown prince, rajaraja chola iii, into exile. Kingdoms of south asia indian pandyas the history files. The political history of these dynasties can be traced from the literary references.
The exciting history of the pandyas pandya dynasty, was an ancient tamil dynasty which ruled parts of south india until the 15t. Karikala was a famous chola king of the early time. The chera dynasty was one of the principal lineages in the early history of the present day states of kerala and tamil nadu in southern india. Pandya dynasty pdf the pandyan or pandiyan or pandian dynasty was an ancient tamil dynasty, one of the three tamil dynasties, the other two being the chola and the chera. The hathikumbha inscription of kharavela of kalinga also mentions about tamil. Tellingly, perhaps, another, more decisive battle against the cholas takes place in this year, when rajendra chola surrounds the chera capital and kills king bhaskara ravi varman i in the fighting.
The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling dynasties in history. Abraham despite the amount of archaeological research that has been carried out in south india, our understanding of the south indian protohistoric period is still, in many ways, in its infancy. Now the tamil kingdoms of chera, chola and pandyas are described by sugreeva to hanuman and angadason of vaali, when sugreeva directs them to routes to be taken by themthe places to search for sita, who was kidnapped by ravana. The following is a chronological overview of the history of the tamil people, who trace their ancestry to the indian state of tamil nadu, the indian union territory of puducherry, or the northern, eastern province and puttalam district of sri lanka. Chola means soazhi or saei denoting a newly formed kingdom, in the lines of pandya or the old country. This article was most recently revised and updated by emily rodriguez, copy editor. The region which chera, chola and pandya were ruling was the region of south of the krishna river and the region of kaveri delta.
The area lying to the south of river krishna and tungabhadra is called south india. A complete list of chera rulers and their contribution. About pandyan dynasty one of the three famous ancient tamil dynasties other two being chola and chera, the pandyan dynasty ruled several parts of the southern india until the 15th century ce. In the melting pot were satavahana, chera, chola, pandya, chalukya, pallava, rashtrakuta and other lesser dynasties and their rulers.
Another inscription, hathikumbha inscription of kharavela of kalinga also has mention of tamil kingdoms. The pandya dynasty, also known as the pandyas of madurai, was a dynasty of south india and sri lanka, one of the three ethnically tamil lineages, the other two being the chola and the chera. Ten coins including a sangam age chera coin datable to circa second century bce, eight chola period coins and a vijayanagara period coin have been found in a trench excavated by tamil university, than. Chola, chera and pandya dynasties the tamil country was ruled by three dynasties namely the chera, chola and pandyas during the sangam age. Events in travancore history chera venad travancore a. The roman emperor julian received an embassy from a pandya about 361 ce. Mention about the kingdoms of chera, chola, pandya and sathyaputhra in inscriptions. A chola king, known as elara, conquered sri lanka and ruled over it for about 50 years during the middle of the 2 nd century b. The history of reservations in india from the 1800s to the 1950s pdf. The cheras, cholas and pandyas of south india glimpses. One of the three ancient kingdoms in the south of india was the pandyan kingdom who ruled over tamil nadu until the end of the fifteenth century. Sangam literature believes that the dynasties of chola, chera, and pandya belong to immemorial antiquity. The agrarian history of travancore had entwined with strings of political.
The pandyas are first mentioned by a megasthenes who speaks of the pandya kingdom being resulted by a women and that seven year old mothers were found in the pandyan country. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india. One of the most important dynasties, chera dynasty is the most prominent tamil dynasty which ever flourished in the country. Events in travancore history chera venad travancore. Mar 29, 2016 ten coins including a sangam age chera coin datable to circa second century bce, eight chola period coins and a vijayanagara period coin have been found in a trench excavated by tamil university, than. Sora or chozha in tamil becomes chola in sanskrit and chola in telugu. The chera dynasty or cera was one of the principal lineages in the early history of the present day states of kerala and tamil nadu in southern india. The chera dynasty had ruled in two different timeperiods. Jan 25, 2020 chera chola pandya kingdoms keralas dominant rulers of the early historic period were the cheras, a tamil dynasty with its headquarters located in vanchi. Find out a complete list of chera rulers and their contribution rulers and their contribution will enhance the general knowledge of the readers.
Together with the cholas of uraiyur and the pandyas of madurai, the early cheras were known as one of the three major powers muventar of ancient tamilakam a macro region in south india in the early centuries of the common era. He defeated the combined forces of chera, chola, and five other minor states in a war against him at madurai. Pandya, chola and jaffna kingdom period of tamil independence 700 ad 1621 ad 5. Delivery and returns see our delivery rates and policies thinking of returning an item. The pandyan or pandiyan or pandian dynasty was an ancient tamil dynasty, one of the three tamil dynasties, the other two being the chola and the chera. Pandya dynasty pdf pandya dynasty pdf pandya dynasty pdf download. Pandya king malayathdwaja fought alongside the pandavas during the mahabharata war and wounded dronacharya. From 1216 the hoysala kings obtained lands in the chola country, former chola feudatories threw off their allegiance, northern powers intervened, and the upheaval facilitated the pandya conquest of the chola country in 1257. Ancient indian history chola dynasty tutorialspoint.
Aug 04, 2017 these chiefs were from the chera, chola and pandya dynasty. Three states, namely, cholas, cheras, and pandya emerged in south india. Dec 08, 2017 find out a complete list of chera rulers and their contribution rulers and their contribution will enhance the general knowledge of the readers. The tiger symbol was adopted from the emblem of the chola empire, it should reflect the martial history veera varalaru and the national upheaval of the tamils. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india shinu a. Indore pt centres spread across india established 1993. Southern kingdoms the chera, chola and pandyas dynasties. Pandya dynasty, tamil rulers in the extreme south of india of unknown antiquity they are mentioned by greek authors in the 4th century bce. Sangam age in tamil chera chola pandya history in tamil. Pandya dynasty dynasties of ancient india history for. Kingdoms of chera, chola and pandyas, due to the supremacy in the sea trade, could establish their colonies in the westward countries and have cultural. These chiefs were from the chera, chola and pandya dynasty. Sep 20, 2017 here are some historical facts about them specific to kerala.
Here are some historical facts about them specific to kerala. The location of vanchi is generally considered near the ancient port city of muziris in kerala. The pandya dynasty, also known as the pandyas of madurai, was a dynasty of south india, one of the three ethnically tamil lineages, the other two being the chola and the chera. Chera kimg udiyan cheralathan fed both the pandya and kaurava armies during the kurukshetra war.
About pandyan dynasty one of the three famous ancient tamil dynasties other two being chola and chera, the pandyan dynasty ruled several parts of. The sangam literature gives information and names of a few kings. Using archaeological evidence to identify the tamil kingdoms of early historic south india article pdf available in asian perspectives 422 september 2003 with 7,996 reads. Together with the cholas of uraiyur and the pandyas of madurai, the early. Dec 19, 2017 i could see why this confusion arises. This study examines the relationship between south indian archaeology and history and argues that any framework for interpreting early tamil identity must acknowledge the important qualitative differences in the. The asokan inscriptions mention the chera, chola and pandya rulers on the south of the mauryan empire. The year 985 saw one of the greatest kings of southern india ascend the throne, rajaraja chola i also known as rajaraja, the great, who defeated the eastern chalukyas of vengi, the pandyas of.